Vacuum environments are a key ingredient in the analysis,
development and fabrication of some of the world's most basic as well as the most sophisticated products.
From complex experiments in particle physics to delicate x-ray tomography of the human body to mass production of
decorative coatings on automobile grills and exacting anti-reflective coatings on precision optical elements, vacuum
environments are essential. These and hundreds of other processes and products would be impossible to reproduce in an
atmospheric environment. Today, near perfect vacuum environments can be attained in laboratory and production vacuum systems by
careful selection of vacuum components used in their design, construction and operation. A system's ultimate vacuum potential will always be limited by its weakest components.
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